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Categorias: Química

Teoria Ácido Base Mapas Mentais – Química

Mapa Mental sobre a Teoria Ácido-Base

Transcrição do Mapa Mental sobre Teorias de Ácidos e Bases

Arrhenius

Exemplo: NaOH → Na⁺ + OH⁻

Ácido: Toda substância que em solução aquosa pode ceder íons H⁺ (hidrogênio).

Exemplo: HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻

Base: Toda substância que em solução aquosa pode ceder íons OH⁻ (hidróxido).

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Bronsted-Lowry

Ácido: Toda espécie química, íon ou molécula, capaz de doar um próton (H⁺).
Base: Toda espécie química, íon ou molécula, capaz de receber um próton (H⁺).
- Exemplo: NH₃ + H₂O ⇌ NH₄⁺ + OH⁻

Observações:

A água (H₂O) é anfótera.
Na reação I, o ácido e a base se comportam como um par de ácido-base conjugados.

Teoria de Lewis

Ácido: Espécie atratora de elétrons.
Base: Espécie doadora de elétrons.
- Exemplo: BF₃ + F⁻ → BF₄⁻

Neutralização:

A + B → A:B

Dicas:

Ácidos de Lewis: Todos os cátions e compostos que aceitam pares de elétrons.
Bases de Lewis: Todos os ânions e moléculas que doam pares de elétrons.

Resumo: