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Genética

Segunda Lei de Mendel Mapas Mentais – Genética

Mapa Mental sobre Segunda Lei de Mendel: Segregação Independente e Diibridismo

Transcrição do Mapa Mental sobre Segunda LEI DE MENDEL

Também conhecida como lei da segregação independente:
Estabelece que cada par de alelos segrega-se de maneira independente de outros pares de alelos, durante a formação dos gametas.
Formulada com base em análises da herança de duas ou mais características acompanhadas ao mesmo tempo;

Experimento com Ervilhas
Mendel realizou o cruzamento entre sementes amarelas e lisas com sementes verdes e rugosas (Geração Parental). O acompanhamento simultâneo de dois pares de genes alelos se chama diibridismo.
As sementes amarelas e lisas têm genótipo VVRR e só possuem a possibilidade de formar gametas VR.

Continue lendo…

As sementes verdes e rugosas têm genótipo vvrr e só possuem a possibilidade de formar gametas vr.
O cruzamento entre as duas sementes resultou em 100% de sementes amarelas e lisas (Geração F1). Então, Mendel realizou a autofecundação entre as sementes da Geração F1.
Exemplos

(UFPI-MG) Em experiências envolvendo três características independentes (tri-hibridismo), se for realizado um cruzamento entre indivíduos AaBbCc, a frequência de descendentes aaBbcc será igual a:
a) 9/64
b) 1/16
c) 3/64
d) 1/4
e) 1/32
passo: Aa x Aa
AA Aa Aa aa = frequência de 1/4;
passo: Bb x Bb
BB Bb Bb bb = frequência de 2/4 → 1/2;
passo: Cc x Cc
CC Cc Cc cc = frequência de 1/4.
passo: Ao somar as frequências, temos:
1/4 x 1/2 x 1/4 = 1/32.
(Acafe-SC) De acordo com as leis de Mendel, indivíduos com genótipos
a) Aa/Bb produzem gametas A, B, a e b.
b) Aa/BB produzem gametas AB e aB.
c) Aa produzem gametas AA, Aa e aa.
d) GG produzem gametas GG.
e) GG/BB produzem dois tipos de gametas.

Nesse caso, teremos um alelo A ou a, que se combinará com um alelo B.
Sendo assim, AB ou aB.
A + B = AB
a + B = aB

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Mapa Mental sobre Segunda Lei de Mendel: Segregação Independente e Cruzamentos Genéticos

Transcrição do Mapa Mental sobre a Segunda Lei de Mendel

O que é?
A segunda Lei de Mendel também recebe o nome de lei da segregação independente dos genes ou dibidismo “a diferença de uma características são herdadas independentemente das diferenças em outras características”.

Duas características (hibridismo) Aa Bb
Várias características (polibidismo)
Segregação independente
Segunda Lei (diial) A- a- B- b-
Equação gênica (Linkage) A- a- B- b-
Segregação independente
Não ocorre segregação independente

Continue lendo…

1- gameta AaBb x AaBb
B : Ab
A b : Ab
B : Ba
a b : ab
2- Quadro de Punnett
[Matriz 4×4 com combinações de AB, Ab, Ba, ab]
3- Cruzamento Rápido
Aa x Aa Bb x Bb
Aa Aa Aa Aa BB Bb Bb bb
1/4 2/4 1/4 1/4 2/4
Ex: AABB=1/4 . 1/4=1/16
AaBb=2/4 . 2/4=4/16=1/4

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Mapa Mental sobre Segunda Lei de Mendel: Segregação Independente dos Genes

Transcrição do Mapa Mental sobre SEGUNDA LEI DE MENDEL

ORGANISMOS em cada etapa | ESQUEMA GERAL etapas, processos, genótipo e fenótipo | PROPORÇÃO FENOTÍPICA de cada geração
O experimento agora trata de duas características: a cor e textura da semente da ervilha.
Por este motivo, agora estamos falando de dois genes, cada qual com seus dois alelos em relação de dominância:
2 características:
cor – amarela A – dominante
verde a – recessivo
textura – lisa B – dominante
rugosa b – recessivo
2 genes, cada um 2 alelos

Continue lendo…

SÍMBOLO | FENÓTIPO | GENÓTIPO
verde e rugosa | aabb
amarela e rugosa | Aabb / AaBb
verde e lisa | aaBb / aaBB
amarela e lisa | AABB / AaBB / AABb / AaBb

2ª LEI DE MENDEL
LEI DA SEGREGAÇÃO INDEPENDENTE
Os alelos de um gene se separam independentemente dos alelos do outro gene na formação dos gametas.
Por exemplo, se um gameta “recebeu” o alelo dominante A, ele tem a mesma chance de receber, do outro gene, os alelos B e b.

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