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Genética

Biotecnologia Mapas Mentais – Genética

Mapa Mental com Resumo sobre Biotecnologia

Transcrição do Mapa Mental sobre Biotecnologia

Importância:
Fármacos industriais
Indústria de alimentos
Produção de fármacos
Indústria alimentícia
Uso de microrganismos na agricultura
Produção de vacinas
Melhoramento genético

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Exemplo de clonagem: Ovelha Dolly, que teve o DNA das glândulas mamárias de uma ovelha adulta clonada.

Em outros DNA:

Plasmídeo (bactéria)
Vetor de clonagem

Células-tronco:

Não diferenciadas
Embrionárias: totipotentes (+ auto-renovação), pluripotentes
Adultas: limitadas
Eletroforese

OGM:

Organismo geneticamente modificado
Transgênicos
Manipulação genética
Desenvolvimento e resistência

Enzimas de restrição:

Cortam o DNA em uma sequência específica
“Tesoura”
DNA recombinante

PCR:

Teste de paternidade

Reação em cadeia da polimerase

Em tubo de ensaio

Multiplica (cópias) de interesse

Parte de um DNA envolvido

Usada para comparar o DNA de indivíduos diferentes

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Mapa Mental sobre Biotecnologia: Conceitos e Aplicações

Transcrição do Mapa Mental sobre BIOTECNOLOGIA

IMPORTÂNCIA
Fermentações industriais
Indústria de análises
Produção de fármacos
Indústria alimentícia
Uso de microrganismos na agricultura
Produção de vacinas
Melhoramento genético

Continue lendo…

OGM
Organismo Geneticamente Modificado
Transgênicos
Manipulação genética
Desenvolvimento e resistência

CÉLULAS-TRONCO
Não diferenciadas
Embrionárias
Totipotentes (+ anexos embrionários)
Pluripotentes
Adultas – limitadas

ELETROFORESE
Usada para comparar o DNA de indivíduos diferentes
Testes de paternidade

PCR
(Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase)
Em tubo de ensaio
Multiplica genes de interesse

ENZIMAS DE RESTRIÇÃO
Clivagem do DNA em uma sequência específica
Tesoura

DNA RECOMBINANTE
Parte de um DNA inserida em outro DNA
Plasmídeo (bactéria)
Vetor de clonagem

CLONAGEM
Doador 1: óvulo sem núcleo
Doador 2: núcleo da célula somática
Mãe de aluguel – útero
Será clone de quem doar o núcleo (DNA)

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Mapa Mental sobre Biotecnologia com Engenharia Genética e Clonagem

Transcrição do Mapa Mental sobre Biotecnologia

Engenharia Genética

Tecnologia do DNA recombinante.
Permite, entre outras coisas, transplantar genes de uma espécie para outra, criando uma molécula que não existe na natureza.
DNA-recombinante: Formado pela combinação de 2 moléculas diferentes.

Organismos Transgênicos

Organismos geneticamente modificados (OGM).
Aquele em que o material introduzido veio de outra espécie. Exemplos: bactérias com DNA recombinante, animais e plantas.

Continue lendo…

Análise de DNA

Obtém-se uma coleção de fragmentos de DNA. Cada indivíduo possui uma coleção única (caso de gêmeos idênticos).

Impressão digital do DNA

Com ela é possível identificar um criminoso, inocentar suspeitos, e fazer exames de paternidade. Pode ser obtida por meio de sangue, fio de cabelo, tecido do corpo.

Eletroforese

Processo chamado de separação em gel.
Ex.: Eletroforese, que é um conjunto de bandas dos fragmentos de DNA.

Enzimas de Restrição

Essas enzimas cortam o DNA do vírus em pontos específicos e impedem sua reprodução. Exemplo: a enzima ECO RI, que funciona como uma “tesoura” que corta o DNA dos seres vivos em partes menores.

Plasmídeos

DNA circular das bactérias.
Os plasmídeos são genes que dão às bactérias resistência a antibióticos.

DNA-Ligase

Enzima que promove a ligação de fragmentos de DNA, chamada-se DNA-Ligase.

Clonagem Gênica

Clonagem do DNA/clonagem molecular.
É a formação de uma colônia de bactérias capazes de sintetizar, ou seja, quando a bactéria se reproduz, o DNA-recombinante se reproduz e passa para as novas bactérias, gerando cópias idênticas.

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